【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminingAnaerobicBiodegradationofPlasticMaterialsUnderAcceleratedLandfillConditions
【原文标准名称】:加速土地填筑条件下塑料材料的厌氧生物降解测定的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD5526-1994(2002)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1994
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D20.96
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:降解;条件;浸出;生物降解;厌氧生物降解;试验;加速土地填筑;曝光试验;塑料;处理;分解;分解
【英文主题词】:acceleratedlandfill;anaerobicbiodegradation;biodegradation;drydigestion;ecotoxicity;landfill;metabolites;plastics;testmethod
【摘要】:Decompositionofaplasticwithinalandfillinvolvesbiologicalprocessesthatwillaffectthedecompositionofothermaterialsenclosedby,orincloseproximityto,theplastic.Rapiddegradationoftheplasticmayincreasetheeconomicfeasibilityoflandfill-gasrecovery,minimizethedurationofafter-careofthelandfill,andmakepossibletherecoveryofthevolumereductionofthewasteduetobiodegradationduringtheactivelifeofthelandfill.Thisprocedurehasbeendevelopedtopermitdeterminationoftheanaerobicbiodegradabilityofplasticproductswhenplacedinbiologicallyactiveenvironmentssimulatinglandfillconditions.Thedecompositionofplasticmaterialsinalandfillisoflimitedimportance,asfewlandfillsareoperatedsoastobebiologicallyactive.However,asdegradationoccursinevitablyinalandfill,itisofimmediateconcernthattheplasticmaterialsdonotproducetoxicmetabolitesorendproductsunderthevariousconditionsthatmayoccurinalandfill.Themixturesremainingaftercompletionofthetestmethod,containingfullyorpartiallydegradedplasticmaterialsorextracts,canbesubmittedsubsequentlytoecotoxicitytestinginordertoassesstheenvironmentalhazardsposedbythebreakdownofplasticstovaryingdegreesinlandfills.Thistestmethodhasbeendesignedtoassessbiodegradationunderoptimumandless-than-optimumconditions.Limitations8212;Becauseawidevariationexistsintheconstructionandoperationoflandfills,andbecauseregulatoryrequirementsforlandfillsvarygreatly,thisprocedureisnotintendedtosimulatetheenvironmentofalllandfills.However,itisexpectedtocloselyresembletheenvironmentofabiologicallyactivelandfill.Morespecifically,theprocedureisintendedtocreateastandardlaboratoryenvironmentthatpermitsrapidandreproducibledeterminationoftheanaerobicbiodegradabilityunderacceleratedlandfillconditions,whileatthesametimeproducingreproduciblemixturesoffullyandpartiallydecomposedhouseholdwastewithplasticmaterialsforecotoxicologicalassessment.1.1Thistestmethodcoversdeterminationofthedegreeandrateofanaerobicbiodegradationofplasticmaterialsinanaccelerated-landfilltestenvironment.Thistestmethodisalsodesignedtoproducemixturesofhouseholdwasteandplasticmaterialsafterdifferentdegreesofdecompositionunderconditionsthatresemblelandfillconditions.Thetestmaterialsaremixedwithpretreatedhouseholdwasteandexposedtoamethanogenicinoculumderivedfromanaerobicdigestersoperatingonlyonpretreatedhouseholdwaste.Theanaerobicdecompositionoccursunderdry(morethan30%totalsolids)andstaticnonmixedconditions.Themixturesobtainedafterthistestmethodcanbeusedtoassesstheenvironmentalandhealthrisksofplasticmaterialsthataredegradedinalandfill.1.2Thistestmethodisdesignedtoyieldapercentageofconversionofcarboninthesampletocarboninthegaseousformunderconditionsthatresemblelandfillconditions.Thistestmethodmaynotsimulateallconditionsfoundinlandfills,especiallybiologicallyinactivelandfills.Thistestmethodmorecloselyresemblesthosetypesoflandfillsinwhichthegasgeneratedisrecoveredorevenactivelypromoted,orboth,forexample,byinoculation(codepositionofanaerobicsewagesludgeandanaerobicleachaterecirculation),moisturecontrolinthelandfill(leachaterecirculation),andtemperaturecontrol(short-terminjectionofoxygenandheatingofrecirculatedleachate)(1-7).1.3Thistestmethodisdesignedtoproducepartiallydegradedmixturesofmunicipalsolidwasteandplasticsthatcanbeusedtoassesstheecotoxicologicalrisksassociatedwiththeanaerobicdegradationofplasticsaftervariousstagesofanaer......
【中国标准分类号】:Q31
【国际标准分类号】:13_030_40
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:
基本信息
| 标准名称： | 防锈油脂除膜性试验法 |
| 英文名称： | Rust preventive oils and greases—Test method of removability |
| 中标分类： |
石油 >>
石油产品 >>
真空油脂、防锈油脂 |
| ICS分类： |
石油及相关技术 >>
润滑剂、工业油及相关产品
|
| 替代情况： | 替代SH/T 0212-92 |
| 发布部门： | 中国石油化工总公司 |
| 发布日期： | 1998-06-23 |
| 实施日期： | 1998-12-01 |
| 首发日期： | 1900-01-01 |
| 作废日期： | 1900-01-01 |
| 归口单位： | 中国石油化工总公司石油化工科学研究院 |
| 起草单位： | 茂名石油化工研究院 |
| 起草人： | 徐名逢、阮瑞成 |
| 出版社： | 中国标准出版社 |
| 出版日期： | 1998-12-01 |
| 页数： | 6页 |
适用范围
本标准规定了防锈油脂经耐候试验、包装贮存试验、湿热试验后的油膜除去性的试验方法。
本标准适用于防锈油和防锈脂。
前言
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目录
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引用标准
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所属分类： 石油 石油产品 真空油脂 防锈油脂 石油及相关技术 润滑剂 工业油及相关产品